Reflections & Memories of War Vol. 2: Syonan Years (1942

Section I - Establishing New Order

Chapter 1 : Mass Screening & Registration: First Scorch Of The Rising Sun

1. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 235/1110, Records of the Judge Advocate General’s Office: War Crimes Case Files, Second World War. Defendant: Mizuno Keiji. Place of trial: Singapore. 8 May 1946 – March 1948. Examination of Lt. Gen. Kawamura (2nd Accused), pp.12-15.

2. National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 235/1110, Records of the Judge Advocate General’s Office: War Crimes Case Files, Second World War. Defendant: Mizuno Keiji. Place of trial: Singapore. 8 May 1946 – March 1948. “Opening Address for the Prosecution in the Case of Major Mizuno Keiji”, 8 March 1948, pp.1-3.

3. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 235/1110, Records of the Judge Advocate General’s Office: War Crimes Case Files, Second World War. Defendant: Mizuno Keiji. Place of trial: Singapore. 8 May 1946 – March 1948. Examination of Lt. Gen. Kawamura (2nd Accused), pp.12-15.

4. Ibid.

5. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 325/30, “Statement of Wong Sin Joon, 716 Geylang R’d, S’pore”, 12 February 1946, pp.1-4.

6. Shinozaki, Mamoru. My Wartime Experiences in Singapore. Interviewed by Lim Yoon Lin. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1973.

7. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 325/30, “Statement of Wong Sin Joon, 716 Geylang R’d, S’pore”, 12 February 1946, pp.1-4.

8. Ibid.; The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 235/1110, Records of the Judge Advocate General’s Office: War Crimes Case Files, Second World War. Defendant: Mizuno Keiji. Place of trial: Singapore. 8 May 1946 – March 1948. Examination of Lt. Gen. Kawamura (2nd Accused), pp.12-15.

9. Oral history interview, 1984, in Mandarin, Acc 412 Reel 5.

10. Oral history interview, 1981, in Mandarin, Acc 52 Reel 3.

11. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 235/1110, Records of the Judge Advocate General’s Office, War Crimes Case Files, Second World War. Defendant: Mizuno Keiji. Place of trial: Singapore. Examination of Ambrose Paul, 5th P.W., 9 March 1948, pp.35-36.

12. National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 235/1110, Records of the Judge Advocate General’s Office: War Crimes Case Files, Second World War. Defendant: Mizuno Keiji. Place of trial: Singapore. 8 May 1946 – March 1948. “Opening Address for the Prosecution in the Case of Major Mizuno Keiji”, 8 March 1948, pp.1-3.

13. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 235/1110, War Office Records, Records of the Judge Advocate General’s Office: War Crimes Case Files, Second World War. Defendant: Mizuno Keiji. Place of trial: Singapore. 8 May 1946 – March 1948. Examination of Lt. Gen. Kawamura (2nd Accused), pp.12-15.

14. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 235/1110, Records of the Judge Advocate General’s Office: War Crimes Case Files, Second World War. Defendant: Mizuno Keiji. Place of trial: Singapore. 8 May 1946 – March 1948. “Opening Address for the Prosecution in the case of Major Mizuno Keiji”, 8 March 1948, pp.1-3.

15. Shinozaki, Mamoru. My Wartime Experiences in Singapore. Interviewed by Lim Yoon Lin. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1973.

16. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 235/1110, Records of the Judge Advocate General’s Office: War Crimes Case Files, Second World War. Defendant: Mizuno Keiji. Place of trial: Singapore. 8 May 1946 – March 1948, pp. 8-9.

17. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 235/1110, War Office Records, Records of the Judge Advocate General’s Office: War Crimes Case Files, Second World War. Defendant: Mizuno Keiji. Place of trial: Singapore. 8 May 1946 – March 1948. Examination of Lt. Gen. Kawamura (2nd Accused), pp.12-15.

18. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 235/1110, Records of the Judge Advocate General’s Office: War Crimes Case Files, Second World War. Defendant: Mizuno Keiji. Place of trial: Singapore. 8 May 1946 – March 1948. Examination of Major Onishi Satoru, 2nd Prosecuting Witness, 8 March 1948, pp.7-10.

19. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 235/1110, Records of the Judge Advocate General’s Office: War Crimes Case Files, Second World War. Defendant: Mizuno Keiji. Place of trial: Singapore. 8 May 1946 – March 1948. Examination of Major Onishi Satoru, 2nd Prosecuting Witness, 8 March 1948, pp.7-10.

20. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 325/30, “Statement of Wong Sin Joon, 716 Geylang R’d, S’pore”, 12 February 1946, pp.1-4.

21. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 235/1110, Records of the Judge Advocate General’s Office: War Crimes Case Files, Second World War. Defendant: Mizuno Keiji. Place of trial: Singapore. 8 May 1946 – March 1948, pp.58-62.

22. Oral history interview, 1983, in English, Acc 283 Reel 5.

23. Shinozaki, Mamoru. My Wartime Experiences in Singapore. Interviewed by Lim Yoon Lin. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1973.

24. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 235/1110, Records of the Judge Advocate General’s Office: War Crimes Case Files, Second World War. Defendant: Mizuno Keiji. Place of trial: Singapore. 8 May 1946 – March 1948, pp.58-62.

25. The Straits Times, 14 March 1947.

26. Oral history interview, 1984, in English, Acc 265 Reel 2.

27. Oral history interview, 1984, in Mandarin, Acc 412 Reel 5.

28. Oral history interview, 1984, in English, Acc 16 Reel 4.

29. Lee Kuan Yew. The Singapore Story, Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew. Singapore: Times Editions Pte Ltd, 1998. 56-57.

30. Shinozaki, Mamoru. My Wartime Experiences in Singapore. Interviewed by Lim Yoon Lin. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1973.

31. The Straits Times, 20 February 2006. “This Day in History.”

32. The Straits Times, 15 March 1947. “Massacre Described by Survivors”.

33. The Straits Times, 14 March 1947. “Man’s Escape on Way to Massacre.”

34. The New Nation, 20 November 1975.

35. Oral history interview, 1984, in Malay, Acc 319 Reel 10.

36. National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 32/14550, “Major Events at Changi, from 17 Feb to 16 Aug 42.” Brig. K.S. Torrance, Late B.G.S. Malaya Command, 24 August 1945, pp.1-2.

37. Lee Kuan Yew. The Singapore Story, Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew. Singapore: Times Editions Pte Ltd, 1998. 56-57.

38. Oral history interview, 2005, in English, Acc 2983 Reel 3.

39. The Syonan Times, 6 March 1942. “Nipponese Injunction to Local Eurasians”.

40. Ibid.

41. Oral history interview, 1982, in English, Acc 143 Reel 3.

42. Oral history interview, 2003, in English, Acc 2740 Reel 2.

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