1. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 220/561, “Security Intelligence for Planning Section: Proforma ‘A’ on Singapore Island”, 5 April 1945, p.41.

2. Ibid.

3. The National Archives of UK, File Reference ADM 199/903A, “Japanese Administration in Malaya”, 8 June 1944, p.22.

4. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 220/561, “Security Intelligence for Planning Section: Proforma ‘A’ on Singapore Island”, 5 April 1945, p.41.

5. The Syonan Times, 28 April 1942. “Railway Passenger & Goods Services to be Resumed.”; 4 May 1942. “Reopening of Sea & Rail Communications.”

6. The Syonan Times, 24 June 1942. “Shanghai-Syonan Railway Link.” This ambitious plan for a trans-continental Singapore-China railway proved to be ahead of its time. A similar Singapore-Kunming Rail Link was mooted in 1995 during the Fifth ASEAN Summit to connect existing train services in eight Southeast Asian countries including Laos, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. With the aim of improving economic co-operation, boosting tourism and providing greater cultural exchanges, the link is scheduled to be completed in 2015 at the cost of US$2 billion. Source: The Straits Times, 20 October 2007. “Asean hopeful $2.9b rail link will be ready by 2015.”

7. Ibid.

8. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 220/561, “Security Intelligence for Planning Section: Proforma ‘A’ on Singapore Island”, 5 April 1945, p.41.

9. The Syonan Times, 2 August 1942. “Syonan-Made Charcoal Gas Units Will Solve Road Transportation.”

10. The Syonan Sinbun, 25 February 1943. “New Trolley Bus Appears On Syonan Streets: Experts Study Modernization.”

11. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 220/561, “Security Intelligence for Planning Section: Proforma ‘A’ on Singapore Island”, 5 April 1945, p.26.

12. Ibid.

13. Van Cuylenburg, John Bertram. Singapore Through Sunshine and Shadow. Singapore: Heinemann Educational Books (Asia), 1982. 137.

14. Oral history interview, 1983, in English, Acc 418 Reel 6.

15. Oral history interview, 2005, in English, Acc 2932 CD 3.

16. The Syonan Times, 30 June 1942. “Syonan’s Huge Dumps of Wrecked Cars.”

17. Oral history interview, 1983, in English, Acc 345 Reel 21.

18. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 220/561, “Security Intelligence for Planning Section: Proforma ‘A’ on Singapore Island”, 5 April 1945, p.41.

19. Oral history interview, 1983, in Hokkien, Acc 358 Reel 6.

20. Oral history interview, 1983, in English, Acc 273 Reel 12.

21. Oral history interview, 1984, in English, Acc 440 Reel 14.

22. The National Archives of UK, File Reference WO 203/3971, “S.I.P. Proforma ‘A’ on Singapore Island Part ‘B’ Subsequent to Enemy Occupation”, p.42.

23. Oral history interview, 1983, in English, Acc 355 Reel 7.

24. Oral history interview, 2004, in English, Acc 2838 Reel 2.

25. Oral history interview, 1983, in English, Acc 273 Reel 12.